Energy-saving high-efficiency heat treatment of steels and alloys products by accelerated electrons in air became possible due to development of accelerating technique and growth of electron accelerator power. This kind of heat treatment is called radiation-thermal processing (RTP). The RTP is innovative electron beam technology for metal products properties improving. Depth of electron energy release reaches up to 10 mm, so heating depth of metal without heat conductivity participation can be comparable with a working layer of a product. It allows to carry out heat treatment in a pulse mode and to obtain working layers on a surface of products with qualitatively new nanostructure of a material. Steels and alloys with such a structure possess high hardness and simultaneously raised impact elasticity