The main challenges that stand in the way of creating long-range communication systems are as follows:

How to provide radio visibility between the aircraft and the ground control system;
How to compensate for severe signal attenuation along the path.
Direct visibility between the aircraft and the ground control system can be achieved by increasing the aircraft flight altitude and increasing the elevation of the ground antenna. High-speed information transmission over distances greater than 300 km is possible using repeater equipment, satellite communication systems, or stationary information transmission systems.

Compensation for severe signal attenuation along the path can be accomplished via the following measures:

By increasing the transmitter output power;
By improving the gain performance of the antenna equipment.
Many of the problems solved by modern onboard systems of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) call for the availability of high-speed information transmission lines between the UAV and the ground control system (GCS). For example, the use of UAV technology for real-time monitoring or reconnaissance purposes involves working with raster images of different dpi that are to be received onboard from sensors operating in different wavelength ranges and delivered to the GCS. The technology that is most commonly used for information transmission today is to transmit image data continuously as it is received, in either digital or analog format whose structure does not change throughout the mission.

Technical characteristics:
Name Value
WORKING FREQUENCY RANGE 2400–2483 MHz
RECEIVE/TRANSMIT SPEED 10–80 Mbps
CHANNEL WIDTH 5–40 MHz
RANGE CAPABILITY Up to 150 km (depending on the antennas used)
MODULATION MODE NMEA-0183, binary, proprietary
GUARD INTERVAL LENGTH 400, 800 ns
SPECTRAL POWER PER BAND, NO LESS THAN 2 x 2 W
MAXIMUM TRANSMITTER POWER 2 x 5 W
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -96 dBm
DIMENSIONS OF ONBOARD TRANSCEIVER MODULE 145 x 65 x 22 mm
WEIGHT OF ONBOARD TRANSCEIVER MODULE 250 g
WORKING TEMPERATURE RANGE -30 °С...+70 °С
MAXIMUM POWER CONSUMPTION OF ONBOARD TRANSCEIVER MODULE 28 W
AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION OF ONBOARD TRANSCEIVER MODULE * 8 W
SUPPLY VOLTAGE 15...28 V
Scope of delivery
Ground station:
Transceiver module
Antenna station (parabolic antenna or planar antenna array * complete with a mechanical rotary support device)
Control unit with specialized software for target detection and tracking

Onboard unit:
Transceiver module
Omnidirectional antenna *
* where required, the scope of delivery can be changed to include an electrically-controlled beam-scanning antenna array

Possible application areas
EMERGENCY RESPONSE OPERATIONS:
People search
Emergency population warning
Rescue operations

MONITORING
Power plants (NPPs)
Agriculture
Electrical grid systems (power lines)
Land resources
Oil and gas pipelines
Forest resources
Water resources
Infrastructures
Roads, railways
Mineral resource fields

SECURITY
National border security solutions
Protection of property and people
Detection of targets including people